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Peace on Paper, Ethnic Cleansing in Practice

Every few months, the world celebrates a new “ceasefire” in Gaza. Cameras flash, statements are released, and diplomats congratulate themselves for achieving “progress.” But the only thing that seems to progress is the destruction. Within days of the October 10th truce, airstrikes resumed, civilians were killed, and the promise of peace evaporated once again.


The pattern is as predictable as it is tragic. Gaza’s civil authorities report that at least 97 Palestinians have been killed since the ceasefire began, most of them civilians. Israel calls these attacks “responses,” claiming to target militants who violated the agreement. But the evidence tells another story. Whole neighborhoods are flattened, hospitals destroyed, families buried. If the goal were defense, one would expect precision. Instead, what we see looks more like punishment.


For decades, ceasefires in this region have served less as steps toward peace and more as pauses for reloading. Gaza’s government media office says there have been more than 900 violations since January 2025. Human Rights Watch and the United Nations have issued repeated warnings about forced displacement and the destruction of civilian infrastructure. Yet the world keeps repeating the exact words—“truce,” “peace,” “restraint”—as if language alone can disguise failure.


When you declare peace and then bomb the same territory days later, that is not diplomacy; it is deception. The so-called “yellow line,” meant to separate Israeli troops from civilians, has become a kill zone where those returning to their homes are shot for crossing an invisible boundary. And yet, the blame constantly circles back to the same justification: security.


Security for whom?


You cannot occupy, blockade, and bomb a population for years and then act shocked when the conflict continues. The logic collapses under its own weight. Absolute security cannot be built on permanent subjugation. At some point, survival for one group cannot continue to mean extinction for another.
Observers have described this as a defensive war. But wars of defense do not involve clearing entire neighborhoods, blocking aid, or destroying water systems. They do not render a whole territory unlivable. What we are witnessing is the slow erasure of a people, methodically justified by policy and cloaked in military language. Whether you call it “forced displacement” or “population management,” the result is the same: fewer Palestinians on their land.


Every government has the right to defend its citizens. But defense has limits. There is a moral and legal difference between protecting a border and leveling a city. Between stopping a threat and creating one. Between responding to violence and perpetuating it as state policy. When governments blur these lines, they do not strengthen security—they destroy legitimacy.


And yet, Western powers continue to fund and arm this behavior while preaching peace from podiums. They condemn extremism while enabling extremity. They send envoys to discuss ceasefires while shipping weapons to ensure they don’t hold. The same nations that lecture the world about human rights look the other way when violations serve their allies. That is not leadership; that is moral convenience.
The problem here is not just military; it is moral. If the world cannot tell the difference between defense and domination, between justice and justification, then the words “human rights” are just decoration for press releases.


The rhetoric inside Israel itself reflects a dangerous moral decay. Officials speak of “voluntary migration” and “security clearances” for Palestinians, as if people being driven from their homes are participants in their own removal. When leaders start calling the cleansing of a territory a “reorganization,” the vocabulary of civilization becomes the language of destruction.


Meanwhile, the international community debates definitions. “Is it genocide?” “Is it ethnic cleansing?” “Is it proportional?” These are the questions of bureaucrats, not moral actors. History does not care about our vocabulary. It cares about outcomes. And the outcome here is unmistakable: Gaza is being emptied of its people.


This is not about taking sides in a centuries-old conflict. It is about recognizing reality. The deliberate targeting of civilian life and infrastructure is not an accident of war; it is a strategy. A strategy that has been repeated for generations, always justified, never resolved.


History offers a warning to those who rationalize such actions. Nations that confuse power with righteousness often find both slipping away. Those who excuse injustice in the name of security end up with neither.


The world’s moral paralysis is not due to ignorance but cowardice. To admit what is happening would require action. It is easier to call it “complex” and move on. But moral clarity is not complicated. You do not need to be an expert to see that civilians should not be bombed, that hospitals should not be targeted, that starving people should not be fenced in and called free.


Real peace requires truth, and truth begins with accountability. Until the world is willing to call this what it is—the systematic destruction and displacement of a people—there will be no ceasefire worth celebrating.
The world must stop confusing negotiations with solutions. The real ceasefire will come not when guns go silent for a week, but when justice stops being optional.

Early Voting Information For The November 4th General Election

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Early voting for the General Election will be Saturday, October 25, 2025 to Sunday, November 2, 2025. Early voting for the General Election is a nine (9) day period where voters can vote in-person before Election Day in Westchester County.

Who can vote early?
For the November 4, 2025, General Election – All registered voters in the County of Westchester can vote early.

When can I vote early?
Early Voting will begin before the General Election. The early voting period will be from Saturday, October 25, 2025, through Sunday, November 2, 2025.

Days and Hours as follows:

  • Saturday, October 25, 2025, from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m.
  • Sunday, October 26, 2025, from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m.
  • Monday, October 27, 2025, from 8 a.m. until 4 p.m.
  • Tuesday, October 28, 2025, from 12 p.m. until 8 p.m.
  • Wednesday, October 29, 2025, from 8 a.m. until 4 p.m.
  • Thursday, October 30, 2025, from 12 p.m. until 8 p.m.
  • Friday, October 31, 2025, from 8 a.m. until 4 p.m.
  • Saturday, November 1, 2025, from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m.
  • Sunday, November 2, 2025, from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m.

Where can I vote early?

You can vote at any of the twenty-five (25) designated Early Voting sites throughout the County. These Early Voting centers are listed below:

Westchester County Early Voting Centers (Subject to Change*)

  • Croton Municipal Building, 1 Van Wyck Street, Croton on Hudson, NY 10520
  • Eastchester Public Library, 11 Oakridge Place, Eastchester, NY 10709
  • Greenburgh Town Hall, 177 Hillside Avenue, White Plains, NY 10607
  • Hastings-on-Hudson Public Library, 7 Maple Avenue, Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706
  • St. Gregory The Great Church, 215 Halstead Avenue, Harrison, NY 10528
  • Mamaroneck Town Center, 740 W. Boston Post Road, Mamaroneck, NY 10543
  • Mt. Kisco Public Library, 100 E. Main Street, Mt. Kisco, NY 10549
  • Mt. Pleasant Community Center, 125 Lozza Drive, Valhalla, NY 10595
  • Joseph G. Caputo Community Center, 95 Broadway, Ossining, NY 10562
  • Pound Ridge Town House, 179 Westchester Avenue, Pound Ridge, NY 10576
  • Rye Brook Firehouse, 940 King Street, Rye Brook, NY 10573
  • Somers Town House, 335 Route 202, Somers, NY 10589
  • Jefferson Village Annex, 3500 Hill Boulevard, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
  • Yorktown Cultural Center, 1974 Commerce Street, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
  • Doles Center, 250 S. 6th Avenue, Mt. Vernon, NY 10550
  • Mt. Vernon City Hall, 1 Roosevelt Square, Mt. Vernon, NY 10550
  • New Rochelle City Hall Annex – 90 Beaufort Place, New Rochelle, NY 10801
  • New Rochelle United Methodist Church, 1200 North Avenue, New Rochelle, NY 10804
  • Peekskill Lincoln Depot Museum, 10 S. Water Street, Peekskill, NY 10566
  • Peekskill Neighborhood Center, 4 Nelson Avenue, Peekskill, NY 10566
  • Rye City- Resurrection- Early Childhood Education Center, 88 Milton Road, Rye, NY 10580
  • White Plains Public Library, 100 Martine Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601
  • Grinton I. Will Library, 1500 Central Park Avenue, Yonkers, NY 10710
  • Nodine Hill Community Center, 140 Fillmore Street, Yonkers, NY 10701
  • Riverfront Library, One Larkin Center, Yonkers, NY 10701

How will I vote during early voting?
Voting during early voting is the same as voting on Election Day. When you get to the early voting center, you will check in to vote, receive your ballot and vote as any other election.

There will be instructions available at the early voting centers to familiarize you with the ballot. There will also be a notice to voter and bill of rights. You may ask an election inspector to explain how to vote, or if you need any assistance.

If you vote during the early voting period, you are not eligible to vote on Election Day.

When will early voting results be posted?
Early voting results will be canvassed and reported after 9 pm on Tuesday, November 4, 2025 for the General Election.

Can I still vote by an early vote by mail ballot?
Yes. Any registered voter in Westchester County may apply for an early mail ballot.

Can I still vote by absentee ballot?
Yes. If you are out of your home county, or if you live in New York City, are outside of the five boroughs, or if you are permanently or temporarily disabled, ill or are the primary care giver for one or more people who are ill or physically disabled, or a resident of a Veterans Hospital, or detained in jail awaiting Grand Jury action or incarcerated for an offense other than a felony you may apply for an absentee ballot.

You can search for your ballot and polling location either by Free Text Search OR by providing Street Number, Street Name and Zip Code (click on the link).
We make every effort to keep this information as up-to-date as possible. Nevertheless, we recommend that you verify your polling place location in advance. Note that some polling places may be closed or combined with another polling place, especially during primary and local elections.
If you have trouble locating your polling place, contact (914) 995-5700.

All info provided by the The Westchester County Board of Elections, which has relocated to:
445 Hamilton Avenue, 8th Floor, White Plains, NY 10601 All phone numbers and email addresses will remain the same.

Westchester County Passes “Gio’s Law,” Equipping Police Officers With EpiPens for Allergy Emergencies

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The Westchester County Board of Legislators has passed a new law that could save lives in moments of crisis. Known as “Gio’s Law,” the measure will require all county police officers to carry EpiPens, ensuring that first responders are equipped to treat severe allergic reactions before emergency medical personnel arrive.

The legislation was inspired by the tragic story of Giovanni “Gio” Cipollone, a local child who died from a severe allergic reaction to nuts in 2019. His family’s years-long advocacy pushed for broader access to life-saving epinephrine injectors and training for law enforcement officers who are often first on the scene.

Under the new law—officially titled the Giovanni Cipriano Act—every police officer in Westchester County will receive annual training in identifying anaphylaxis and properly administering EpiPens. The county will also establish a funding mechanism to cover the cost of devices and training through its public health and emergency services budget.

County Executive Ken Jenkins emphasized the importance of preparedness and compassion:

“By signing this bill into law, Westchester County is taking a major step forward in protecting our residents and giving our officers the tools they need to save lives. This legislation is about preparedness, compassion, and ensuring that no family has to experience a preventable tragedy.”

Board Chair Vedat Gashi echoed those sentiments, noting the bill’s roots in community advocacy:

“When a constituent reached out asking us to help families struggling with potentially life-threatening allergic reactions, I knew Westchester needed to do everything it could. Too many families, including my own, live with the daily fear of a severe allergic reaction, and this law will help ensure that first responders are ready to save lives. I’m proud that the entire Board voted to make this commonsense step a reality.”

Honoring Gio’s Legacy

Named in memory of Giovanni “Gio” Cipriano, a 14-year-old New Yorker who tragically died after unknowingly consuming peanuts in trail mix, the legislation ensures that police officers—often first on scene during 911 calls—can respond immediately to cases of anaphylaxis, a severe and potentially fatal allergic reaction.

Georgina Cornago, founder of The Love for Giovanni Foundation, expressed her deep gratitude:

“To see Gio’s Law come to life here in Westchester County is deeply emotional and inspiring. This law will ensure that officers are trained and ready to act when seconds matter most. My son Giovanni’s legacy continues to save lives, and I’m profoundly grateful to County Executive Ken Jenkins, Legislator Vedat Gashi, and everyone who helped make this happen.”

Chappaqua resident and Horace Greeley High School student Jared Saiontz, who lives with severe food allergies, also praised the new law:

“I am one of the 32 million Americans who live with life-threatening food allergies. The Giovanni Cipriano Act will be lifesaving because it ensures that first responders have the tools—both training and epinephrine—to help save a life during an anaphylactic reaction.”

National Momentum Building

While Gio’s Law is a first for Westchester, it’s part of a growing movement across the country to equip first responders with epinephrine. Several states—including Illinois, Michigan, and Tennessee—have enacted similar laws that authorize or require law enforcement officers to carry EpiPens once they complete certified medical training.

For example, Illinois passed the “Annie LeGere Law,” named after a 13-year-old girl who died of an allergic reaction in 2015. That law allows police and state troopers to administer epinephrine during emergencies. Michigan’s “Law Enforcement and Firefighter Access to Epinephrine Act” and Tennessee’s “Public Safety Epinephrine Access Law” offer comparable protections and training frameworks.

At the federal level, however, there is no national law mandating police departments to carry EpiPens. The U.S. Congress has debated legislation like the EPIPEN Act (H.R. 6965), which focuses on affordability and access to epinephrine, but it does not create a nationwide requirement for law enforcement. Advocates for Gio’s Law hope Westchester’s example will spark national interest in expanding these life-saving measures beyond local jurisdictions.


Insert: New York & National Overview

Counties in New York with EpiPen Legislation:

  • Suffolk County (2023) – First in New York to require police to carry EpiPens.
  • Westchester County (2025) – Passed “Gio’s Law,” formally known as the Giovanni Cipriano Act.

States with Statewide Legislation:

  • Illinois: “Annie LeGere Law” (2021) allows state police to carry/administer epinephrine after certified training.
  • Michigan: “Law Enforcement and Firefighter Access to Epinephrine Act” (2020) permits agencies to purchase and distribute injectors.
  • Tennessee: Tenn. Code §63-1-158 enables police agencies to adopt protocols and training for epinephrine use.

A Model for Compassionate Policing

The law takes effect January 1, 2026, once officers complete their certified training. Police unions have expressed support, recognizing that the measure enhances their ability to protect and serve beyond traditional enforcement duties.

In an era when conversations around policing often focus on accountability and reform, Gio’s Law represents a shift toward community care and public health collaboration. It’s a reminder that sometimes, the most powerful act of protection is not about enforcing the law—but saving a life when every second counts.

Mount Vernon Leaders Face Scrutiny Over Failure to Act on DOJ Report

Nearly a year after the U.S. Department of Justice released a scathing report detailing unconstitutional policing practices and deep financial mismanagement, the City of Mount Vernon has yet to deliver a clear reform plan or measurable progress. The report cited citywide fiscal instability as a major factor undermining the police department’s ability to hire, train, and properly equip officers. Despite the severity of the findings, Mayor Shawyn Patterson-Howard and members of the City Council have offered little public explanation of how they intend to meet the DOJ’s directives or stabilize city finances. While the police department has come under public criticism following the October transport-van shooting, the deeper issue lies with City Hall’s failure to provide leadership, oversight, and a sustainable funding structure. 

Read: U.S. Attorney Announces Findings Of Civil Rights Violations By The Mt Vernon Police Dept

When a prisoner manages to fire a gun inside a police transport van, the first question isn’t how it happened—it’s why it was allowed to happen. In Mount Vernon, that “why” leads straight to a familiar place: a bureaucracy that substitutes explanations for results.

Last week, a 32-year-old Bronx man, Louis Soto, shot another detainee in the leg while both were being transported to the Westchester County Jail. Police Chief Marcel Olifiers acknowledged the obvious: “The firearm should have been detected before the transport.” What followed was less an explanation than an evasion. The Chief implied that new Department of Justice restrictions on strip searches—adopted after the city was cited for civil-rights abuses—might have made it harder to detect contraband. That claim collapses under its own weight.

While accountability is necessary, it’s equally important to acknowledge that Mount Vernon has many dedicated and capable officers who serve with integrity and professionalism. Many of them are young and fairly new to the department, stepping into a system that has long lacked proper structure and guidance. This makes it imperative for the City of Mount Vernon to invest in real leadership—teaching these officers proper policing, constitutional practices, and departmental policies that meet national standards. Without that foundation of consistent training and ethical enforcement, even good officers are placed in bad situations, and the cycle of institutional failure continues.

According to the Department of Justice’s 2024 Findings Report on the Mount Vernon Police Department, federal investigators found that MVPD’s previous policy wasn’t a matter of safety—it was a matter of illegality. On pages 7–8 and 12–13, the report states that until at least October 2022, Mount Vernon officers “strip-searched every person who walked in the building,” often including “visual body-cavity searches” without any individualized suspicion. The DOJ concluded that this practice was “a gross violation of the Fourth Amendment.

The same report clarifies that the DOJ did not prohibit all searches. On page 12, investigators wrote that strip and cavity searches are permissible only when there is reasonable suspicion that the person is concealing a weapon or contraband, and only when supervisors approve and document the search. This is consistent with national best practices and long-standing constitutional law—none of which prevent officers from ensuring safety.

The report further details that MVPD officers routinely detained citizens without probable cause and transported them for questioning or searches, a violation of the Fourth Amendment. MVPD Supervisors, the DOJ noted, “misunderstood that such detention constituted an arrest” and failed to train or correct officers who repeatedly violated the law.

Oversight, the DOJ found, was virtually nonexistent. Pages 2, 13, and 19 describe a department with “deficient supervision, outdated training, and no internal accountability system.” Even when officers committed clear misconduct, supervisors approved their actions or investigated themselves. Internal Affairs was understaffed, untrained, and rarely disciplined officers, even when the evidence was clear.

The report warned that these problems were “deeply ingrained” and would likely “recur” without structural change (pages 2–3). It directed the City of Mount Vernon to replace its unconstitutional blanket searches with modern, lawful security measures—metal detectors, handheld magnetometer wands, and written documentation protocols—to ensure safety while respecting rights.

Yet as of October 2025, those measures were still “optional.” Only after a gun was fired inside a police vehicle did Chief Olifiers announce that wands would become mandatory. This was precisely the kind of leadership failure the DOJ predicted when it concluded that MVPD’s dysfunction was driven by “municipal mismanagement, lack of training, and absence of effective oversight.

What’s most disheartening is that the residents of Mount Vernon saw this coming. For nearly a year, community organizations like Save Mount Vernon have called on Mayor Shawyn Patterson-Howard to release a comprehensive reform plan outlining the changes made since the DOJ’s report. Despite repeated requests, no public plan has been provided—no timeline, no metrics, and no verification of compliance. The silence from City Hall has become its own response, validating the community’s foresight and concerns.

The DOJ never said Mount Vernon couldn’t conduct searches—it said they couldn’t conduct illegal ones. The difference between “prohibited” and “professional” is leadership. By blaming Washington instead of fixing policy, Mount Vernon’s police leadership has confirmed what the DOJ already found: a department unable to manage itself without making excuses.

There are no shortcuts to competence. The DOJ didn’t demand that officers choose between constitutionality and safety; it demanded professionalism. When a department cannot operate within both the law and common sense, it isn’t overregulated—it’s undermanaged. What happened inside that van wasn’t caused by reform—it was caused by failure to implement reform.

The Department of Justice report makes it clear that Mount Vernon’s long history of financial mismanagement directly undermines public safety. On page six, the report notes that the city’s ongoing monetary challenges have crippled the police department’s ability to hire, train, and properly equip officers to carry out their duties constitutionally. This isn’t simply an accounting problem—it’s a matter of public trust and safety. When budgets are mismanaged and bills go unpaid, the results are predictable: fewer resources, outdated equipment, and inadequate supervision for officers tasked with protecting a complex and demanding community. Although the DOJ acknowledged some progress in reducing city debt by late 2023, it warned that serious financial shortfalls continue to leave the department vulnerable to non-payment of essential invoices, including those for officer training and critical safety equipment. It raises a troubling question of priorities: how can Mount Vernon’s schools have metal detectors for students, but the city’s police lockup does not? Until the city’s fiscal house is brought under control, the Mount Vernon Police Department cannot meet national policing standards, maintain professionalism, or achieve meaningful reform

Even though this is an unfortunate and troubling situation, I commend Chief Marcel Olifiers for standing before the public and explaining what happened. Leadership requires accountability, especially in moments of crisis, and the Chief did what others should have done—face the people directly. What’s truly unfortunate and disrespectful is that the Mayor and other elected officials of Mount Vernon were nowhere to be found. Their absence spoke volumes. The night before this incident, many of them were reportedly attending the Black Women’s Political Caucus gala, celebrating while their city was on the brink of another public safety crisis. When leadership is more visible at parties than at press conferences, it tells residents everything they need to know about misplaced priorities in Mount Vernon.

Damon K. Jones is a 33-year veteran of the Westchester County Department of Corrections, where he also served 13 years as a union delegate with the Westchester County Correction Officers Benevolent Association. His extensive background combines operational experience with leadership in labor relations and police reform policy. As the New York State representative for Blacks in Law Enforcement of America (BLEA) and former Northeast Region President of the National Black Police Association, Jones has been a leading voice for accountability, transparency, and justice reform. He contributed to two United Nations shadow reports—in 2014 and 2019—submitted to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, addressing race, policing, and human rights in America. Jones also served on an advisory panel to the NAACP Legal Defense Fund’s Thurgood Marshall Institute, where he examined police policies, collective bargaining agreements, and transparency in use-of-force cases. In 2020, he was appointed to the Westchester County Police Reform and Reimagining Task Force, helping develop comprehensive recommendations to modernize policing practices and strengthen community trust across the county.

Below are the recommendations of Blacks in Law Enforcement of America (BLEA), a respected national organization of Black law enforcement professionals committed to promoting constitutional policing, accountability, and community trust. Drawing from decades of experience in law enforcement leadership and reform, BLEA offers these recommendations to help the Mount Vernon Police Department correct its systemic deficiencies and rebuild public confidence. These proposals are grounded in best practices, national accreditation standards, and the Department of Justice’s own findings, with the goal of creating a police agency that operates with integrity, transparency, and competence—one that both serves and earns the trust of the people of Mount Vernon.

Recommendations,Reform and Oversight of the MVPD by Damon K Jones

MVPL President Responds To Recent Op/Ed

President of the Mount Vernon Public Library Board of Trustees, Hope Marable, wrote the following letter to the editor in response to a recently posted op/ed by Library Advocate Tamara Stewart.

Dear Mr. Woodson,

Allow me to begin by acknowledging Black Westchester Magazine’s ongoing commitment to empowering others through the cogency of journalism.

New York Education Law § 260-a Section 5 specifies:

“The boards of trustees of public…libraries shall hold regular meetings at least quarterly and such boards shall fix the day and hour for holding such meetings.”

The Mount Vernon Public Library is mandated to meet every three (3) months or on four (4) occasions within a span of twelve (12) months.

Resolution 053-25, (which passed unanimously), at a legally called-for, regularly scheduled meeting on Wednesday, September 24, 2025, complies with the aforementioned Statute.

The Board will assemble on the fourth Wednesdays in June, October, and September.  December meetings will commence on the second Wednesday.

The Board will assemble for Work Session Meetings on the fourth Wednesdays in March, April, and May.  January Work Session Meetings will commence on the second Wednesday.

With the exception of Committee Meetings and Special Meetings, the Board will not meet in February, July, August, and November.

The Finance Committee will continue to meet monthly.

The new meeting schedule will be formally drafted into the Library’s Bylaws by on or about the month of December, along with all other Amendments passed via majority vote of the Trustees.

Clerical errors in regard to Resolution 053-25 will be corrected as soon as practicable.

As for Resolution 058-25, which passed during a legally called-for public meeting on Monday, September 22, 2025, the suspension of Public Expression is temporary while the Library Board is reviewing its Policies and Bylaws; attendees maintain the right to attend, listen, and observe.

The Mount Vernon Public Library is now fully registered; the Board’s prior litigation with the NYSED is far behind us, and the NYS Librarian has graciously applauded us for our diligence and myriad of successful outcome(s).  

March 2026, our Library looks forward to celebrating 130 years of continuous service to the Community of Mount Vernon, New York, and the County of Westchester.

The existing panel is grateful to the Regents, Division of Library Development, Westchester Library System, former Trustees, and dedicated Staff for his and her unwavering support.

The Board of Trustees will meet on Tuesday, October 22, 2025, at 6:30 pm in the J. Gary Pretlow Community Room. As always, the public is welcome and encouraged to attend.

“Thank you for supporting Mount Vernon Public Library”.

Sincerely,
Trustee Hope Marable, Board President 
Mount Vernon Public Library

When Sleep Goes Wrong: The Disorders No One Told You Existed By Derek H. Suite, M.D.

You weren’t taught much about sleep disorders in school. Your doctor doesn’t have time to ask. And you’ve been conditioned to just push through. Here’s the menu of help most people don’t learn about–until they need it.

How many of you even knew there was a menu?

That’s what I ask my patients when we first talk about sleep disorders. Most look at me, confused. “A menu of what?” A menu of actual medical conditions. With names, diagnostic criteria, and treatments. Conditions that explain why you’ve been exhausted for years. Why can’t you stay awake in meetings? Why won’t your legs let you rest? Why eight hours in bed leaves you feeling like you got hit by a truck.

We don’t learn much about sleep disorders in health class. Most primary care doctors don’t have time to screen for them in a seven-minute appointment. And we’ve all been so thoroughly conditioned to “tough it out” that we genuinely believe chronic exhaustion is just life.

It’s not. 

There’s a whole field of medicine dedicated to why you can’t sleep, or can’t stay awake, or can’t get the restorative sleep that is supposed to provide. Knowing that this menu exists should feel like relief, not fear.

Why We Don’t Know What We Don’t Know

You weren’t taught much about sleep disorders in school. And honestly? Many doctors weren’t either.

Sleep medicine wasn’t formally recognized as a specialty until 1991. Many practicing doctors today completed their training before sleep disorders were considered core medical education. Even now, medical schools dedicate just a few hours across four years to sleep health. Less time than they spend on rare tropical diseases, you’ll probably never encounter.

This isn’t about bad doctors. None of us got the education we needed on this. Your doctor probably cares deeply about your well-being; they just might not have been equipped by their training to recognize what your exhaustion is really telling them.

Which is exactly why you need to know this menu exists. Because if neither you nor your doctor learned about sleep disorders in school, and your appointment is only seven minutes long, something crucial could easily get missed.

Add to that the cultural conditioning to ‘tough it out’-especially in Black communities, where strength through suffering has been normalized. We inherit messages about not showing weakness or asking for help, and when we do speak up, our concerns are more likely to be dismissed. The result? Millions of Americans, particularly Black Americans, suffer in silence with conditions they don’t know have names.

Treatable conditions. Conditions that, once you know about them, can explain years of wondering ‘what’s wrong with me?’ So let’s fix that gap right now.

The Sleep Disorders Menu 

When You Stop Breathing in Your Sleep
Marcus thought his snoring was just annoying his wife. What he didn’t know: his airway was collapsing 32 times every hour. Each collapse dropped his oxygen levels, triggering a micro-arousal in his brain, not enough to fully wake him, but enough to prevent deep, restorative sleep.

He’d wake up every morning with headaches, dry mouth, exhausted despite “sleeping” eight hours– feeling like he’d been in a fight.  By the time Marcus came to see me, his primary care doctor had already run bloodwork. Everything was normal. His wife suggested he might be depressed. Marcus thought maybe this is just what 54 feels like.

It wasn’t age. It was obstructive sleep apnea.

Ironically, snoring sometimes gets treated as comedy material especially when recorded, but by the time it’s loud enough to be funny, it’s often loud enough to be dangerous. Untreated sleep apnea increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and cognitive decline. CPAP therapy, oral appliances, positional therapy, and lifestyle changes can all help. Once Marcus started on CPAP, the change was dramatic. Three weeks later: “I didn’t know people could actually wake up feeling this good doc.”  He’d been living that way for eight years.

When Your Brain Won’t Let You Sleep
Sarah lies in bed for two hours every night. Mind racing, body exhausted but wired. She’s tried everything: meditation apps, chamomile tea, blackout curtains, white noise machines. Nothing works consistently.

When Sarah came to see me, she’d already been on two different medications. They helped briefly, then stopped. The second made her groggy but didn’t improve her sleep. What Sarah had wasn’t general anxiety disorder. It was chronic insomnia disorder– a specific dysregulation of the sleep-wake system that requires different treatment.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is the gold standard that even doctors aren’t always familiar with. More effective long-term than medication, with no side effects. Within six weeks of CBT-I, Sarah was falling asleep in under 20 minutes most nights.

“I can just… sleep now,” she told me. “I forgot that was even possible.”

When Your Legs Won’t Let You Rest
James first noticed it in his 30s. At night, his legs felt wrong–uncomfortable, an overwhelming urge to move. Only walking helped. Restless legs syndrome is a neurological condition linked to low ferritin (iron storage) or dopamine imbalance. Treatment can be remarkably effective. When I checked James’s iron levels, they were significantly low. After iron supplementation, his symptoms diminished significantly.

When Sleep Attacks Without Warning
If you experience overwhelming sleepiness that feels uncontrollable, even falling asleep during conversations or while driving, that’s not normal tiredness. That’s narcolepsy, a neurological condition where the brain can’t regulate sleep-wake cycles. Thousands live with it undiagnosed.

Next month, we’ll share a national sleep health advocate based in Westchester’s journey through 14 years of misdiagnosis before learning she had narcolepsy with cataplexy.

When Your Internal Clock Is Wrong
Teresa can’t fall asleep before 2 am. When she forces herself to bed at 10 pm, she lies there awake. Then her alarm goes off at 6 am.  She doesn’t lack discipline, as one of her providers told her—she was suffering from Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, a circadian rhythm condition. Light therapy, timed melatonin, and schedule adjustments can help. Over three months, Teresa’s natural sleep time shifted to midnight, manageable with her work schedule.

How to Know If You Should Dig Deeper

Ask yourself: Do I feel exhausted even after 7–8 hours in bed? Does my partner mention snoring or pauses in breathing? Do I fall asleep unintentionally during the day? Do my legs feel restless at night? Have I been tired for months or years?

If you answered yes to any of these, especially if it’s lasted more than three months, it’s time to talk to your doctor because you might have something easily fixable. Something that, if caught early, won’t lead to bigger medical issues. Sleep problems are a signal that we should never ignore. 

How to Start the Conversation

Look, your doctor probably won’t ask about your sleep in detail; they’ve got seven minutes. Which means you have to bring it up.

What to say: “I’d like to talk about my sleep. I’ve been feeling exhausted despite getting enough hours, and it’s affecting my work, my relationships, and my safety. I’m wondering if there could be an underlying sleep disorder– and would like to get it checked out.”

If your doctor says, “everyone’s tired—just try turning off the TV,” push back: “I’ve already tried sleep hygiene basics, and my symptoms still persist. I’m concerned something medical is happening. Can we do a sleep assessment, or can you refer me to a sleep specialist?’

What Getting Help Actually Looks Like

If you’ve never been evaluated for a sleep disorder, here’s what happens: Your doctor asks about your sleep patterns, symptoms, and history. You might track your sleep for one to two weeks. If your symptoms suggest apnea or narcolepsy, a sleep study provides the diagnosis. Good news: these tests are often done at home now.

Once diagnosed, treatment is highly effective. CPAP for sleep apnea, CBT-I for insomnia, light therapy, and iron supplementation. These conditions respond well. One patient excitedly told me, “I forgot what energy felt like. Three years of my suffering solved in just a couple of weeks–wow!

Resources to Get Started

American Academy of Sleep Medicine – sleepeducation.org
National Sleep Foundation – sleepfoundation.org
Project Sleep – project-sleep.com

The Relief of Knowing

If you’ve been exhausted for months or years, you’re not weak or lazy. You might have a medical condition no one taught you to recognize.

The menu of sleep disorders exists. Treatments exist. Specialists exist. Help exists.

The hard part isn’t the diagnosis–it’s knowing to ask for one. Now you know. And knowing is where relief begins.

Next in the Series: “14 Years Misdiagnosed: Lauren Thomas’s Journey from Patient to National Advocate”

Derek H. Suite, M.D., is a board-certified and high-performance psychiatrist, a Columbia University faculty member, and the founder of Full Circle Health, a comprehensive mental health practice serving the tri-state area since 1999. He is the host of the daily inspirational SuiteSpot podcast.  For questions about this monthly column, please email info@fullcirclehealthny.com

Medical Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace medical consultation. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have concerns about sleep disorders or persistent sleep disruption.

The People Need to Keep Speaking By Tamara Stewart

What in the world is going on at the Mount Vernon Public Library? At the September 24th meeting, the board passed Resolution #053-25, which changed the board’s regular meeting schedule. Instead of meeting on the third Wednesday of every month (except for August), which had been the schedule for decades, the board reduced the number of its regular meetings from eleven to eight. Going forward, the January, March, April, May, June, and October regular meetings will be held on the fourth Wednesday of the month, with the September and December regular meetings taking place on the first Wednesday of the month. February, July, and November meetings were eliminated in addition to August.

As if this new schedule wasn’t confusing enough, an undated notice on the library’s website outlines a completely different meeting schedule, which contradicts the resolution schedule and the library’s bylaws.  According to the notice schedule, the board will only hold four regular meetings a year in June, September, October, and December. The board may also conduct four work sessions in January, March, April, and May.  According to the notice, the June, September, and October regular meetings will occur on the fourth Wednesday of the month, but the December regular meeting will occur on the second Wednesday of the month.  The March, April, and May work sessions will be on the fourth Wednesday, but the January work session will take place on the second Wednesday. There will still be no meetings or work sessions held in February, July, August, or November. (Board Meeting Notice)

If the library’s meeting schedule is a test, we’re all likely to fail. Neither of these schedules is easy to follow, and neither one should be implemented. Will the library stop receiving bills in February, July, and November? If not, when will the board vote to approve payment for them? According to the bylaws, the board’s July meeting marks the time when new trustees are sworn in, board officers are elected, and the Treasurer is appointed. Both of the proposed schedules eliminate the July reorganization meeting when these important position changes take place.  Will the reorganization meeting take place in September going forward? Will no bills get approved for payment in the first half of the year? How’s that going to work?  If the board doesn’t need to meet for half the year, why does the library still need a board?

No other Westchester public library has only four regular meetings per year.  Other library boards understand the importance of their fiduciary duty to be responsible stewards of taxpayer dollars all year round, and not just when it’s convenient for them to do so on a haphazard schedule.

On September 22nd, the library’s board voted to suspend public expression until further notice.  Now they’re making their meeting schedule so confusing that the public won’t even know when to go and silently watch the proceedings. If you believe that this board’s decisions are hurting our library, please attend the Mount Vernon Public Library’s regular board meeting on Wednesday, October 22nd, at 6:30 pm in the Community Room. Come out and tell this board to rescind Resolutions #053-25 and #058-25, which suspended public expression. It’s our library, and it is our responsibility to hold the people in charge of it accountable for its care.

Tamara Stewart
Library Advocate

Two Icons Gone Too Soon: Ace Frehley and D’Angelo Leave Music World in Mourning

The world of music is in shock after losing two legends from completely different genres within the same week. On October 14, 2025, neo-soul pioneer D’Angelo passed away after a private battle with cancer. Just two days later, on October 16, Ace Frehley, the original lead guitarist and co-founder of KISS, died following complications from a fall. Their deaths mark the end of two eras—one defined by soul, groove, and introspection, and the other by electric energy, rebellion, and rock theatrics.

D’Angelo: The Soul of a Generation

Born Michael Eugene Archer, D’Angelo redefined R&B in the 1990s by infusing it with the spiritual and emotional weight of classic soul. His debut album, Brown Sugar, was more than a hit record—it was a statement that real musicianship and feeling still mattered in a changing industry. With Voodoo in 2000, D’Angelo reached new heights of creativity. The album’s raw instrumentation and layered production, shaped alongside Questlove and The Soulquarians, turned it into a timeless masterpiece.

After years away from the public eye, his 2014 release Black Messiah proved he hadn’t lost his touch. The project was political, deeply emotional, and musically bold—a reflection of both personal evolution and the turbulent state of America. D’Angelo’s voice carried pain and passion in equal measure, and his honesty resonated across generations. His passing at 51 leaves behind a legacy of authenticity and artistry that forever changed R&B.

Ace Frehley: The Spaceman of Rock ’n’ Roll

Paul Daniel “Ace” Frehley helped launch KISS into the stratosphere in the early 1970s. With his cosmic stage persona, explosive solos, and smoke-shooting guitars, he brought flair and edge to a band that redefined live performance. KISS wasn’t just a rock band—it was a spectacle, and Ace’s sound was at its center.

Beyond his makeup and theatrics, Frehley was a gifted guitarist with an ear for melody and tone. His solos on classics like “Shock Me” and “Detroit Rock City” inspired generations of players. After leaving KISS in 1982, he formed Frehley’s Comet and continued to record solo albums that reflected his raw, unapologetic style. His final studio album, 10,000 Volts(2024), proved that even in his seventies, he could still ignite a stage.

Frehley’s death at 74, following a fall that caused a fatal brain injury, marks the end of one of rock’s most iconic journeys. Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley both paid tribute, calling him an “irreplaceable force” whose creativity helped build the KISS empire.

Two Different Sounds, One Common Spirit

Though D’Angelo and Frehley came from opposite ends of the musical spectrum, they shared a similar devotion to artistic integrity. D’Angelo shunned fame to protect his creative purity, while Frehley walked away from one of the biggest bands in the world rather than compromise his individuality. Both were rebels in their own right—one through soulful introspection, the other through electrifying defiance.

Selective Outrage: How Protest Profiteers Sold Out Black America While Our Youth Die in the Streets

Another young Black child is dead — and social media is silent. None of the so-called influencers who flood timelines with outrage when it’s politically convenient has said a word. None of the talking heads on CNN, MSNBC, FOX News, or even the big-name YouTubers who claim to “speak truth to power.” Not one of them. No hashtags. No trending topic. Just a 15-year-old’s blood spilled on school grounds, and a nation scrolling past like it never happened.

Fifteen-year-old Kaiden Tremont Phillips, of New Haven, Connecticut, departed this life and entered into eternal rest on Saturday, September 27, 2025. Kaiden was born in New Haven on June 18, 2010, to Noele B. Evans and the late Tyrese T. Phillips Jr. He was a sophomore at Hill Regional Career High School, a young man full of promise and light.

Kaiden had a deep love for basketball, playing AAU with the New Haven Heat and eagerly anticipating his upcoming varsity season with the Career Panthers. Known for his sharp sense of style and playful spirit, he loved telling jokes, getting fly, and “spending other people’s money.”

Recently employed through Youth@Work and placed at Upon This Rock Church, Kaiden proved himself to be a hardworking and dedicated young man. He enjoyed simple joys — playing his PlayStation 5, especially NBA 2K, spending time with family and close friends, and traveling with loved ones. He also played the drums at Holy Ghost Deliverance Church #2, where he was a member. Kaiden had a love for God and even preached his first “unofficial” sermon at just two years old.

He loved Trolli gummy worms, seafood, and bacon — which he adored with a passion — and he could often be seen riding his scooter, smiling, surrounded by those who meant the most to him.

Kaiden leaves to cherish his memory his devoted mother, Noele B. Evans; his brother, Titan Franklin; his sister, Kiary Bella Phillips; and his special sister, Toran Gamble. He is remembered with love by his grandparents, aunts, uncles, godparents, and a long list of family and friends who saw in him the joy, energy, and brilliance of youth. His two best friends, Mighty Joyner and Carmello Moore, will forever carry his memory in their hearts.

He was predeceased by his father, Tyrese T. Phillips Jr., and other beloved relatives who now welcome him into eternal rest.

Kaiden was not just a victim — he was a light. And his light was taken far too soon.

But here’s what makes his story even harder to bear: the silence.

A 13-year-old has been charged with his murder. Let that sink in. Thirteen. Two children’s lives were destroyed — one in the grave, the other facing a lifetime behind bars. Two families are broken. Two futures gone. And still, the world barely blinked.

We live in a country that can turn a celebrity scandal into a national debate, but a 13-year-old killing a 15-year-old in a Black neighborhood doesn’t earn a segment. No roundtable discussion. No expert analysis. No “special report.” Why? Because it doesn’t fit the political template. There’s no headline value in confronting our own collapse.

And where are the same protesters who march by the thousands for illegal migrants crossing the border? Where are the bullhorns, the hashtags, the media caravans, and the moral grandstanding when it’s our children bleeding in the street? Where is Black Lives Matter? Are we to believe that these Black lives — the 15-year-old murdered and the 13-year-old who has technically lost his life to prison — do not matter?

That’s the crisis no one wants to talk about — the moral freefall happening inside our own house.

We’ve built an entire economy around performative pain. Some people’ve made careers off our grief — cable commentators, nonprofit executives, and social-media activists who only show up when tragedy comes with political leverage. They have no interest in stopping the cycle — only in monetizing it.

The truth is ugly but undeniable: we’ve been pimped by protest profiteers.

They sold us slogans instead of solutions, symbolism instead of structure. While they took selfies at protests, our schools failed, our boys got lost, and our streets turned into graveyards.

Let’s be real — the outrage industry is selective by design. When tragedy exposes systemic racism, it becomes a national movement. When it exposes internal decay, it becomes a whisper. That’s why the cameras never came to New Haven. It’s why Kaiden’s name isn’t trending. Because holding ourselves accountable doesn’t fit the script.

But this is where the conversation must begin — in truth, not politics.

How does a 13-year-old even get a gun? Where was the mentorship, the father, the structure, the community intervention before that trigger was pulled? Those questions won’t make you famous or get you funded, but they might actually save lives.

Our youth aren’t dying because the system hates them — they’re dying because the village stopped working. Our politicians stopped protecting them, trading principles for soundbites. Our organizations found it more profitable to push racism and fascism than to build safe spaces for our children to grow. We’ve stopped protecting them, stopped correcting them, and stopped expecting anything from them. And every politician, influencer, and activist who refuses to speak that truth is complicit in this silent genocide.

This isn’t a call for despair — it’s a call for restoration.

If we can organize marches for the latest trending injustice, we can organize mentorship programs. If we can raise millions for political campaigns, we can fund trade schools, mental-health programs, and youth centers.

The Black community doesn’t need another press conference — we need principles, protection, and purpose. The world doesn’t respect victims; it respects builders.

The question now is: do we still have the courage to rebuild?

We Still Need the Spirit of the Million Man March Today

Thirty years ago, I stood on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. I was 27 years old, surrounded by a sea of Black men—nearly two million strong—who had come from every corner of the country. I remember brothers greeting each other like long-lost family, hugging, smiling, sharing prayers and stories. For the first time in my life, I truly saw what freedom could look like. Not the kind the government grants, but the kind that comes from our unity, love, and accountability among our own. We were not just a crowd, but a brotherhood, a community united in purpose and spirit.

It was a day of unity, not just for men, but for our entire community. The media said one million, but those of us who stood shoulder to shoulder know better—it was closer to two million strong individuals. The air that day was thick with purpose, not protest. We didn’t come to beg for handouts or chant for change. We came to stand before God, before our families, and before one another to take responsibility for our lives, our homes, and our communities. That was the true meaning of the Million Man March—atonement and reconciliation.

A Day That Changed the Image of the Black Man

That day, the world witnessed something powerful and unprecedented: millions of disciplined, peaceful, prayerful Black men united under one mission. There were no fights, no arrests, no chaos—just dignity. It shattered every stereotype that America had built around us. For one day, the world saw our strength, not our struggle. They saw organization rather than outrage, leadership rather than lawlessness, and love rather than fear.

The numbers may still be debated, but the impact cannot be. It wasn’t just a march—it was a spiritual movement. Every man who was there left differently. We walked in with burdens and walked out with a renewed sense of purpose, a rekindled spirit of brotherhood, and a commitment to personal and collective growth. The Million Man March was not just a moment in history, but a catalyst for change, a beacon of hope for our future.

What the March Really Meant

The Million Man March wasn’t about politics—it was about personal transformation. Minister Louis Farrakhan and Dr. Benjamin Chavis called for a day of spiritual renewal: to reconcile with our families, to restore our faith, and to rebuild our communities. Every man was challenged to make a personal pledge—to be a better father, a better husband, a better brother, and a better man.

It was a call to repair what had been broken: our self-image, our leadership, and our unity. That message is timeless, and today, it’s needed more than ever.

Atonement and Reconciliation: Then and Now

Thirty years later, our communities still cry out for that same healing. Too many of our young men are lost to violence, too many homes are fatherless, and too many leaders chase fame instead of faith. The spirit of accountability that filled the Mall that day has been replaced by finger-pointing and division. But we cannot lose hope. We must remember the unity and purpose of that day and continue to work towards healing and reconciliation.

Atonement means more than saying we’re sorry—it means changing direction. Reconciliation means healing what’s been divided. We have to atone for how we’ve allowed distractions, politics, and systems to pull us apart. And we must reconcile the gap between who we say we are and how we actually live.

The Family Is Still the Foundation

The strength of any nation begins at home. The Million Man March was a call to rebuild the Black family—to remind men to be present, protective, and principled, guarding the women and children who carry our future. Thirty years later, that message is more urgent than ever. No government program can fix what only love, faith, and discipline can restore. But we must ask ourselves—what happened? We left that Mall with a mission, but today nearly 80 percent of Black children are born outside of marriage. That wasn’t the promise we made. Somewhere between that moment of unity and this generation, the meaning of our oath was lost. It’s time to restore it, to remind our sons and daughters what we stood for, and to rebuild the family as the foundation of our freedom.

Why We Must Remember

Commemorating the Million Man March isn’t about nostalgia—it’s about revival. The same unity that filled Washington, D.C., that day can fill our communities again if we choose to stand on the same principles: faith, discipline, and love for our people. That day proved what’s possible when we come together with purpose.

The question now is—do we still believe in that purpose?

A Call to Action

This anniversary should not pass quietly. Every Black man should pause and reflect: Have I kept the promise I made that day? Have I mentored a young brother, reconciled with my family, or poured back into my community? The Million Man March was never just about one day—it was about the life we built afterward.

We don’t need another march on Washington; we need a march through our neighborhoods, our schools, our homes, and our hearts.

Closing Thought

I was 27 years old when I stood in that crowd and felt the power of brotherhood, love, and unity. I saw a glimpse of the freedom our ancestors dreamed of—and I still believe in it. We can reclaim that spirit if we remember the vow we made: to be men of God, men of vision, men of accountability.

As we honor this 30th anniversary, let’s recommit to that promise. Because the Million Man March wasn’t the end of a journey—it was the beginning of one. And that journey must continue—until our families are whole, our communities are strong, and our people are truly free. The message of the Million Man March is not a relic of the past, but a guiding light for our present and future. It’s up to us to carry that torch forward.